{"id":760,"date":"2026-10-03T14:36:18","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T07:36:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/?p=760"},"modified":"2026-10-03T14:36:18","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T07:36:18","slug":"de-thi-thu-vat-li-12-lan-2-tot-nghiep-thpt-2027","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/de-thi-thu-vat-li-12-lan-2-tot-nghiep-thpt-2027\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ec1 Thi Th\u1eed V\u1eadt L\u00ed 12 L\u1ea7n 2 T\u1ed1t Nghi\u1ec7p THPT 2027"},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u1ef3 thi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p THPT 2027 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n, vi\u1ec7c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 thi th\u1eed<\/a> l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp 12 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1 thi. \u0110\u1ec1 Thi Th\u1eed V\u1eadt L\u00ed 12 L\u1ea7n 2 K\u1ef3 Thi T\u1ed1t Nghi\u1ec7p THPT 2027<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecdc sinh r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m b\u00e0i, ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 th\u1eddi gian h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1 thi, \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft<\/strong>, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c em d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u00f4n t\u1eadp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n cho k\u1ef3 thi s\u1eafp t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 1.<\/strong> Theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed th\u00ec<\/p>\n

a) V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i kh\u00ed x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u1ed1i kh\u00ed c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

b) Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

c) Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y n\u1ed3m l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u0103ng cao. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, khi h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o v\u1eadt l\u1ea1nh, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

d) \u1ede th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed dao \u0111\u1ed9ng quanh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi Gi\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/p>\n

a) \u0110\u00fang<\/p>\n

b) Sai. Ch\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

c) Sai. Khi h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o v\u1eadt l\u1ea1nh, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

d) Sai. \u1ede th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed dao \u0111\u1ed9ng quanh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 2.<\/strong> B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 theo th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc trong b\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebf thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1. Ch\u1ecdn ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang, ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u sai trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y?<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Th\u1eddi gian<\/span><\/p>\n

\u03c4(s)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t<\/span><\/p>\n

( <\/span>\u2218<\/span>C)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/span><\/p>\n

P(W)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14,25<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

120<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14,23<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

240<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14,19<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

360<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14,25<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

480<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14,23<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

600<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14,24<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

720<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14,22<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

840<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14,32<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

960<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14,26<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

a) \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 theo th\u1eddi gian \u1edf b\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb sau<\/p>\n

\"B\u00ean<\/p>\n

b) \u0110\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb tr\u00ean ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 sau<\/p>\n

+) Bi\u1ebfn th\u1ebf ngu\u1ed3n (2)<\/p>\n

+) O\u00e1t k\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111o th\u1eddi gian (1)<\/p>\n

+) Nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (4)<\/p>\n

+) Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebf (3)<\/p>\n

+) C\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (5)<\/p>\n

+) C\u00e1c d\u00e2y n\u1ed1i; c\u00e1c vi\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

c) Khi th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 300 s, \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n

d) T\u1eeb 600 s \u0111\u1ebfn 800 s, n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn 1,2\u2218C.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi Gi\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/p>\n

a) \u0110\u00fang; b) \u0110\u00fang<\/p>\n

c) \u0110\u00fang. V\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111ang l\u00e0 0\u00b0C<\/p>\n

d) Sai. \u1ede 800 s th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e9 h\u01a1n 0,8\u00b0C<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 3.<\/strong> M\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng $\\mathrm{m}=800 \\mathrm{~g}$ \u1edf $-10^{\\circ} \\mathrm{C}$. Bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1 l\u00e0 $\\mathrm{c}_1=2090 \\mathrm{~J} \/ \\mathrm{kg}$. K; nhi\u1ec7t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1 $\\lambda=3,33 \\cdot 10^5 \\mathrm{~J} \/ \\mathrm{kg}$.<\/p>\n

a) Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1 tan ch\u1ea3y n\u00f3 t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

b) \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1 tinh khi\u1ebft n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf $0^{\\circ} \\mathrm{C}$.<\/p>\n

c) Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho kh\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb $-10^{\\circ} \\mathrm{C}$ l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn $0^{\\circ} \\mathrm{C}$ b\u1eb1ng 16720 J .<\/p>\n

d) \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u00ean n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng th\u00ec c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 $283,12 \\mathrm{~kJ}$.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi Gi\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/p>\n

a) Sai. Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1 tan ch\u1ea3y n\u00f3 thu nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

b) \u0110\u00fang<\/p>\n

c) \u0110\u00fang. $Q_c=m c \\Delta t=0,8 \\cdot 2090 \\cdot 10=16720 J$<\/p>\n

d) \u0110\u00fang. $Q_d=Q_c+m L=16720+0,8 \\cdot 3,33 \\cdot 10^5=283,12 \\cdot 10^3 \\mathrm{~J}=283,12 \\mathrm{~kJ}$<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 4.<\/strong> M\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong xi lanh nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh b\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Q v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i kh\u00ed t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y p\u00edt t\u00f4ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/p>\n

\"M\u1ed9t<\/p>\n

a) C\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea9y p\u00edt t\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u00ean \u0111\u00fang b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ed9i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

b) Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111un x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 200 J. Trong \u0111\u00f3 40% nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00f4ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng 40 J. Khi \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed9i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed t\u0103ng l\u00ean 80 J.<\/p>\n

c) Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n trong kh\u1ed1i kh\u00ed th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c va ch\u1ea1m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n

d) Khi kh\u1ed1i kh\u00ed d\u00e3n n\u1edf \u0111\u1ea9y p\u00edt t\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u00ean, ta n\u00f3i kh\u1ed1i kh\u00ed th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi Gi\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i kh\u00ed t\u0103ng l\u00ean n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u1ed9i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea9y p\u00edt t\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u00ean nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u21d2 a) Sai<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed1i kh\u00ed nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 (1 \u2212 0,4).200 = 120J<\/p>\n

$\\Delta U=Q+A=\\left( 1-0,4 \\right).200-40=80J\\Rightarrow $ b) \u0110\u00fang; c) \u0110\u00fang; d) \u0110\u00fang<\/p>\n\n

\u2b07 T\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ec1<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

\u2b07 T\u1ea3i L\u1eddi Gi\u1ea3i<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u1ef3 thi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p THPT 2027 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n, vi\u1ec7c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 thi th\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp 12 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1 thi. \u0110\u1ec1 Thi Th\u1eed V\u1eadt L\u00ed 12 L\u1ea7n 2 K\u1ef3 Thi T\u1ed1t Nghi\u1ec7p THPT 2027 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n … \u0110\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":769,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-de-thi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/760","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=760"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/760\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":770,"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/760\/revisions\/770"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/769"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=760"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=760"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=760"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}