{"id":170,"date":"2025-07-18T09:42:03","date_gmt":"2025-07-18T09:42:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/?p=170"},"modified":"2025-07-20T01:01:04","modified_gmt":"2025-07-20T01:01:04","slug":"cac-cong-thuc-vat-li-12-can-nho-tong-hop-day-du-theo-chuong-trinh-moi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/cac-cong-thuc-vat-li-12-can-nho-tong-hop-day-du-theo-chuong-trinh-moi\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c V\u1eadt l\u00ed 12 c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb | T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong data-start=\"577\" data-end=\"612\">C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c V\u1eadt l\u00ed 12 c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb<\/strong> l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp 12 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua khi \u00f4n t\u1eadp chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho ki\u1ec3m tra, thi h\u1ecdc k\u1ef3 1; h\u1ecdc k\u1ef3 2 v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 thi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p THPT. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng theo t\u1eebng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 V\u1eadt l\u00ed nhi\u1ec7t; kh\u00ed l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng; \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. N\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc nhanh \u2013 nh\u1edb l\u00e2u \u2013 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0o b\u00e0i t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>CH\u01af\u01a0NG 1: V\u1eacT L\u00cd NHI\u1ec6T<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-193 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-content\/uploads\/giapsgk-cac-cong-thuc-vat-li-12-can-nho-tong-hop-day-du-theo-chuong-trinh-moi-4.png\" alt=\"T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c V\u1eadt l\u00ed 12 c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb theo t\u1eebng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\" width=\"1252\" height=\"515\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf 3 th\u1ec3: r\u1eafn \u2013 l\u1ecfng \u2013 kh\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t: n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, bay h\u01a1i, s\u00f4i, th\u0103ng hoa.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t: \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c, ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. Thang nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u2013 Nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o b\u1eb1ng thang Celsius (\u00b0C), Kelvin (K).<\/li>\n<li>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i: $ T(K) = t(\u00b0C) + 273 $<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3. N\u1ed9i n\u0103ng \u2013 \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt I nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u1ed9i n\u0103ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i n\u0103ng: th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng, truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt 1:<\/strong> $ \\Delta U = Q + A $<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>$\\Delta U$: \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean n\u1ed9i n\u0103ng<\/li>\n<li>$Q$: nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/li>\n<li>$A$: c\u00f4ng (do m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>4. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang: $c$, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb J\/kg\u00b7K $ Q = mc\\Delta t $<\/li>\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ri\u00eang: $\\lambda$ $ Q = m\\lambda $<\/li>\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a h\u01a1i ri\u00eang: $L$ $ Q = mL $<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>CH\u01af\u01a0NG 2: KH\u00cd L\u00cd T\u01af\u1edeNG<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-191 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-content\/uploads\/giapsgk-cac-cong-thuc-vat-li-12-can-nho-tong-hop-day-du-theo-chuong-trinh-moi-2.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c V\u1eadt l\u00ed 12 quan tr\u1ecdng cho k\u1ef3 thi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p THPT\" width=\"1344\" height=\"603\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed: $ \\overline{E_k} \\sim T $<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt kh\u00ed l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Boyle \u2013 Mariotte (\u0111\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec7t): $ pV = \\text{const} \\quad (T = \\text{const}) $<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Charles (\u0111\u1eb3ng \u00e1p): $ \\frac{V}{T} = \\text{const} \\quad (p = \\text{const}) $<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00ed l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>$pV = nRT$<\/li>\n<li>$p$: \u00e1p su\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>$V$: th\u1ec3 t\u00edch<\/li>\n<li>$n$: s\u1ed1 mol<\/li>\n<li>$R$: h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00ed (8,31 J\/mol\u00b7K)<\/li>\n<li>$T$: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (K)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>4. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>$ p = \\frac{1}{3} \\rho \\overline{v^2} $<\/li>\n<li>T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y suy ra: $ \\overline{E_k} = \\frac{3}{2}kT $<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>CH\u01af\u01a0NG 3: T\u1eea TR\u01af\u1edcNG \u2013 C\u1ea2M \u1ee8NG \u0110I\u1ec6N T\u1eea \u2013 \u0110I\u1ec6N T\u1eea TR\u01af\u1edcNG<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-189 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-content\/uploads\/giapsgk-cac-cong-thuc-vat-li-12-can-nho-tong-hop-day-du-theo-chuong-trinh-moi-1.png\" alt=\"B\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c V\u1eadt l\u00ed 12 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u1ecdc k\u1ef3 1 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc k\u1ef3 2\" width=\"986\" height=\"519\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb nam ch\u00e2m hay d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>Vect\u01a1 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb $\\vec{B}$: $ \\vec{F} = I\\vec{l} \\times \\vec{B} $<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. L\u1ef1c t\u1eeb \u2013 C\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean d\u00e2y d\u1eabn c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng: $ F = I l B \\sin\\alpha $<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb: Tesla (T)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3. T\u1eeb th\u00f4ng \u2013 Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1eeb th\u00f4ng: $ \\Phi = B S \\cos\\theta $<\/li>\n<li>Su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng: $ \\varepsilon = &#8211; \\frac{d\\Phi}{dt} $<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>4. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u \u2013 M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00f2ng xoay chi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh sin: $ i = I_0 \\sin(\\omega t + \\varphi) $<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>5. \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 S\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed3m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng lan truy\u1ec1n vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n s\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>CH\u01af\u01a0NG 4: V\u1eacT L\u00cd H\u1ea0T NH\u00c2N<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-192 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-content\/uploads\/giapsgk-cac-cong-thuc-vat-li-12-can-nho-tong-hop-day-du-theo-chuong-trinh-moi-3.png\" alt=\"T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c V\u1eadt l\u00ed 12 \u00f4n thi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3\" width=\"563\" height=\"588\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>G\u1ed3m proton v\u00e0 neutron.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i: $A = Z + N$<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u2013 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft: $ W = \\Delta m c^2 $ (ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng)<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch, nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3. Ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t ra tia \u03b1, \u03b2, \u03b3.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 chu k\u1ef3 b\u00e1n r\u00e3 $T$, s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i: $ N = N_0 \\cdot 2^{-\\frac{t}{T}} $<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>4. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00f9ng trong n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, y t\u1ebf, ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc an to\u00e0n b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Giapsgk.com-Tom-tat-kien-thuc-Vat-li-lop-12.pdf\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c V\u1eadt l\u00ed l\u1edbp 12<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c V\u1eadt l\u00ed 12 c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp 12 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua khi \u00f4n t\u1eadp chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho ki\u1ec3m tra, thi h\u1ecdc k\u1ef3 1; h\u1ecdc k\u1ef3 2 v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 thi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p THPT. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c quan &#8230; <a title=\"C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c V\u1eadt l\u00ed 12 c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb | T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/cac-cong-thuc-vat-li-12-can-nho-tong-hop-day-du-theo-chuong-trinh-moi\/\" aria-label=\"\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam v\u1ec1 C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c V\u1eadt l\u00ed 12 c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb | T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi\">\u0110\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":206,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-170","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ly-thuyet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=170"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":337,"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170\/revisions\/337"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/206"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=170"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=170"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/giapsgk.com\/chuyen-de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=170"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}